This book is aimed to summarize the role of nanotechnology in health care particularly focused on cancer nanotechnology. The disease-related nanotechnology topics will be covered such as those dealing with lung cancer, brain tumors, breast cancer, kidney cancer, bone cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, Ovarian cancer, Hodgkin's disease, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer, leukemia cancer, oral cancer and other cancers, cancer genetics, diagnostic procedures and tools, nanoscale detection and imaging, antigens, bioinformatics, cancer biomarkers, applications of biomarkers in detection of cancer such as cancer target validation and pathways, enzyme and microbial biosensors, molecular diagnostics, molecular profiling, biochips, nanoparticle-based detection, DNA, RNA, biomarkers for environmental health risk assessment, diagnosis for genetic mutations, genomic and proteomi! cs aspects, nanoarrays, single cell detection, nanorobotics, fight against cancer, early detection of disease, and their prevention, cancer treatment, gene therapy, drug pathways, mechanism and toxicity, nanomedicines, etc.